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ORIGIN OF THE 

BASE-BURNING STOVE, 

AND ITS 

MODE OF OPERATION CLEARLY DEFINED, 

BY ONE WHO HAS MADE THEM A STUDY FOR 

MANY YEARS. 



ALBANY, 1869. 



fi3 




Entered according to an act of Congress, in the year 1869, by 

D. G. Littlefield, in the Clerk's Office of the 

Northern District of New York. 



%¥, 









THE s^-Oo* 



LITTLEFIELD 

STOVE MANUFACTURING C( 

ALBANY, BT. Y. 



Organized July 25th, 1865, under the laws of the 
State of New York. 



IRA JAGGER and D. G. LITTLEFIELD, 

Sole Proprietors. 

D. G. LITTLEFIELD, 
General Superintendent 

IRA JAGGER, 

Treasurer. 

H. C. LITTLEFIELD, 

Secretary. 

OFFICE NO. 47 MONTGOMERY STREET. 



PREFACE. 



" Self-feeding " and semi base burning stoves, as distinguished 
from the common stove, employing no "feeder" had their origin 
many years ago; but it is well known to the trade that, prior 
to the date of my inventions, making them what they were 
intended to be, such stoves, as a class, were of no practical 
value. 

When, in 1853, the writer devoted his energies to the perfec- 
tion of this class of stoves, they were unknown to the trade in 
xhis country ; and, so far as to any reliable information, there 
w T as nothing to be found over and above the common " maga- 
zine burner" — a fire-pot, overhung by a "feeder" which arrange- 
ment had often been tried, and as often thrown aside as an 
imperfect machine ; but, believing that the principle involved 
in such stoves was in accordance with the correct theory, the 
w r riter was of the opinion that such stoves, having the necessary 
invention bestowed upon them, would find a place among the 
things of the household, not afterward to be dispensed with. 

That this has been fully accomplished, the many thousands 

who are now using the Morning Glory Stoves will readily 

testify. 

D. G. LITTLEFIELD. 




I 









THE MORNING GLORY 



THE MORNING GLORY FOR 1869 



RETAIL PRICES. 



tfO. 19 &©W TOP, $18 00 



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21 00 


21 


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24 00 


22 


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28 00 


23 


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32 00 


24 


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36 00 


25 


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40 00 


26 


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44 00 



26 HIGH TOP, 48 00 

28 " * 55 00 

30 " " 65 00 

32 " " 75 00 



4 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



THE MORNING GLORY FOR 1869. 



MICJ1I TOP. 




THE MORNING GLORY. 




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FERGUSON. ALBANY 



THE MORNING GLOIIY, 



LITTLEFIELD'S PARLOR FURNACE, 

OR DOUBLE HEATER. 










THE MORNING GLOEY. 

RETAIL PRICES, 



AS A PARLOR FURNACE. 

NO. 10 - - - - $33 00 

"11 - - - 39 00 

" 12 - - - - 46 00 

"13 - 53 00 

AS A DOUBLE HEATER. 

NO. 10 ■ - - - - $32 00 

"11 - 38 00 

" 12 - - - - 45 00 

"13 - - - 52 00 

It is expected that Dealers will add to these Prices the freight 
from Albany to their place of business only. This Furnace 
can be used for warming the room where placed only, and have 
an urn on its top, or used as a Double Heater, warming the 
room where placed and rooms above. 

The engraving represent LITTLEFIELD'S PARLOR FUR- 
NACE OR DOUBLE HEATER, in which is embodied several 
features contained in The Morning Glory Stoves, so well 
known to the trade as having been invented and patented since 
the origin of this invention, in 1859. 

The names " Parlor Furnace " and " Double Heater," as 
also " The Morning Glory," I hold the exclusive right to use 
as " trade marks," irrespective of Letters Patent ; making 
all persons liable to prosecution who use them in any manner 
as auxiliary in calling the attention of the public to competing 
stoves or heaters, as thereby the public suffer imposition, while 
the originator of these names is caused to suffer loss and damage. 

These Furnaces are a great improvement upon the old pat- 
tern, and have been further improved this season ; doing away 
with much of their former complication, and greatly increasing 
their heating power, besides making them more substantial and 
less liable to injury in transportation. 

The a Parlor Furnace " or " Double Heater," was pat- 
ented in July, 1860; has never been involved in litigation, and 
all pretence to the contrary is simply an attempt to perpetrate a 
fraud upon the public. The peculiar novelties secured by Let- 
ters Patent, and which has given such value to the Parlor 
Furnace, are not to be found in any other structure in market. 



8 



THE MORNING GLORY. 




THE MORNING GLORY. 



THE MORNING GLORY 

PORTABLE HOT-AIR FURNACE. 



No. 15, Size of Base 28 by 28 inches 

No. 17 do. .30 by 30 inches 

No. 19 do. 32 by 32 inches 

No. 21 do. 34 by 34 inches 



The numbers 15, 17, 19, 21, indicate the size of the grate. 
The diameters of the bases are given to show the space required 
to set the furnaces, and also indicate their respective capacities. 

This furnace has been thoroughly tested for the past six years, 
and has met our expectations in every respect. It is the most 
powerful heater, and will do more work for the amount of coal 
consumed than any portable furnace that has ever been in mar- 
ket. Dealers are authorized to guarantee them to give entire 
satisfaction. In construction they are simple, made entirely of 
cast iron, and fitted with care; are self-cleaning, and will burn 
the entire season without rekindling. In operation they require 
no more care and attention than one of the Morning Glory 
Stoves. 



10 



THE MORNING GLORY. 




THE MORNING GLORY, 11 



THE MORNING GLORY 

BEICK FUENACE 



The BEST FURNACE in market, without any exception. 
One fire will last the entire season without rekindling ; emits no 
gas and is a perfect thing in itself. The sale ,of this furnace is 
very extensive. The best of references can be given of the 
truth of this statement. All furnaces guaranteed. Send for a 
pamphlet, giving the names of more than two thousand persons 
using these furnaces. 

No. 19, size of brick work, 5 feet 4 inches by 5 feet 7 inches 
No. 22 do. 5 feet 8 inches by 5 feet 11 inches 

No. 26 do. 6 feet by 6 feet 3 inches 

Either size can be put up in a cellar that is six feet and six 
inches in the clear. The numbers 19, 22 and 26 give the diam- 
eter of the grate and the magazine of each size respectively. 



12 



THE MORNING GLOEY. 





Fig. 4. 




Fig. 3. 




Fig. 5. 



Fig. 1, 







Fig. 6. 



Fig. 7. 



Fig. 8 



Fig. 9. 



THE MOKNING GLOKY. 13 



THE MORNING GLORY FOR 1869. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTS COMPOSING IT. 



Figure 1. — A perspective view of a central vertical section 
of the stove as a whole, from front to back, having its maga- 
zine filled with coal. 

Figure 2. — The hopper detached, and first to be removed, 
after removing the top plate of the stove, to repair the interior 
construction. 

Figure 3. — The magazine cover, removed from the stove. 

Figure 4. — The magazine-cover handle, detached from the 
cover, as when the two are removed on taking the stove apart. 

Figure 5. — The flue plate, which, in place, forms the down- 
ward passage to the smoke pipe ; to be removed before lifting 
the magazine from its place. 

Figure 6. — The magazine, as removed from its place for 
repair or for other purposes. 

Figure 7.— The top cover, draught regulator and urn 
basin, as removed from the stove preparatory to taking the 
stove apart. 

Figure 8.— A view of a segment of the dust register and 
mill grate, as seen from the top after the magazine is re- 
moved. 

Figure 9. — A ring of spurs projecting inward from the inte- 
rior case, and deflected downward for the purpose of steadying 
the magazine, and keeping it in its proper central position 
when the stove is in operation. 

2 



14 THE MORNING GLORY. 

A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION. 

The peculiar construction of the Morning Glory for 1869 
was secured by Letters Patent bearing date the 21st day of 
April, 1868. This stove embodies several important features, 
including the new mode (an invention of last season) of con- 
structing its case — forming it of doors, hung by a concealed 
hinge, and so that they may be dropped to a horizontal position 
upon every side of the stove, when required, either for mount- 
ing the windows with mica, or for cleaning them when the 
stove is in operation. 

These stoves are now constructed entirely of cast iron, but 
when required they can be made with sheet-iron upper section. 
Their ornamental finish is drapery, making them a handsome 
piece of furniture ; and though they resemble the former pat- 
terns of these stoves in their internal construction, they are 
quite different, making them more durable and less difficult to 
be repaired. In fineness of casting they are of the highest 
order, fully equaling the finest castings made in this country. 

Though the patterns for these stoves were originally so con- 
structed that sheet iron might be used for their upper section, 
such stoves are now seldom called for; and from practical tests 
we are fully of the opinion, based upon an experience of three 
years, that there are in fact many reaspns why the cast-iron top 
is preferable. The non-liability to rust, the safety in shipping 
and handling r , the increased heating surf ace, their tightness to keep 
in the dust, make of them a stove that cannot be produced com- 
posed in part of sheet iron. This — considering the fact that 
these stoves are so constructed that any person of ordinary skill 
can do his own repairing, by replacing the parts destroyed by the 
action of the fire — -makes of them a stove many years in ad- 
vance of any of its competitors in contending for public favor. 
The removal of the top plate (see the annexed drawing) per- 
mits all of the interior parts of this stove (patent of 1868) to 
be removed and replaced and kept in their proper places, by 
simply rebolting the top plate to its seat. 



THE M0KX1NG GLORY. 15 

HOW TO SELECT THE PROPER SIZE. 

An intercourse of many years with those dealing in and using 
heating stoves has convinced me that a majority of persons, 
when purchasing heating stoves, select sizes that are too small 
to heat economically the space required to be heated. It is poor 
economy to save a few dollars, by taking a small si:ze, and after- 
ward discover that it is too small for the work required of it. 

These stoves have been manufactured with a view of having 
them suited to rooms of certain size. For a room of ordinary 
height of ceiling, and taking to cover the floor, from 

15 to 20 square yards of carpet, a No. 19, 20 or 21. 
20 to 25 " U a " 21 or 22. 

25 to 35 " " " " 22 or 23. 

35 to 45 " " " " 23 or 24. 

45 to 60 " " " " 25 or 26. 

Should there be more than the usual number of openings 
(doors and windows), or any other cause to render the heating 
of the room more than ordinarily difficult, a larger stove than 
indicated should be used. 

Few persons realize that a room 21 feet by 21^ feet is more 
than twice as large as one 15 by |5, or that one, the ceiling of 
which is 12 feet high, has one-third more cubic feet of space 
than one of the same size and 9 feet ceiling. 

Nos. 26, 28, 30 and 32, High Top, are designed for large 
rooms, halls, stores, etc., and, of course, the size used should be 
selected to the size of the room. 

HOW TO PREPARE AND HOW TO USE THEM. 

1. See that the stove, when purchasing, is perfect; that the 
mica windows are all properly fitted, and that the dust register 
will open and close properly. See that the pipe is properly fit- 
ted, and that there is no other opening to the same flue left 
open. Ordinarily, a damper in the pipe is not required ; but, 
when the chimney has a powerful draft, a damper may be used 
to advantage, but it should be so adapted as never to entirely 
close the smoke pipe. 



16 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



2. Size of coal. Large coal cannot be properly burned in any 
ordinary size stove. Many very good stoves have been con- 
demned for improper attention to this point. Where the quan- 
tity of coal under ignition is small, if too large in size, too free 
a circulation of air through it will take place, which will have 
the effect to deaden the fire and retard combustion, and some- 
times result in giving to the stove a reputation for being a poor 
heater. For the Nos. 19, 20 and 21, either the "nut size" or 
" chestnut size " coal is indispensable. If possible, procure this 




Chestnut Size, 




Nut Size. 
size coal for either of these three sizes. Where the draught of 
the chimney is good, the Nos. 22, 23 and 24 will do as well with 
these sizes as with any other, but they can be used with entire 
success, burning the "small stove" size. The Nos. 25, 26, 28, 
30 and 32, notwithstanding they will burn the " chestnut " or 
u nut size," where the draught of the chimney is good, will do 
better, if the " small egg " or " small stove size " coal is used. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 17 




Small Egg, or Small Stove Size. 

No dealer should recommend, and no person should under- 
take to use these stoves with larger size coal than here repre- 
sented. At places where small coal cannot be procured, there 
need be no difficulty, providing coal of any kind can be obtained, 
as large coal can always be converted to a smaller size. A 
laboring man, once shown how to do it, will consider himself 
well paid on receiving one dollar per ton for breaking up either 
lump or large furnace coal to a proper size to be burned in 
these stoves ; and the user of the Morning Glory, or any other 
stove, will find it far more economical to pay the price of hav- 
ing his coal properly prepared, than to worry through the win- 
ter suffering: the inconvenience and loss attending the burning 
of coal too large in size for the purpose required of it. 

3. To put the stove in operation. First, see that the stove is 
properly put up — that the pipe fits well on the collar, and tight 
at the chimney, and that there is no other opening to the same 
flue left open ; see that the dust register is closed by moving 
it to the right, open the damper in the smoke pipe, if you have 
one, then open the top cover, and next the magazine cover, 
and see that the grate is in its proper place ; put in a quantity 

2* 



18 THE MORNING GLORY. 

of paper or shavings, then a quantity of charcoal, if at hand (if 
not, use wood cut into short blocks), on top of which a small 
quantity of hard coal, varying from two to six quarts, accord- 
ing to the size of the stove; now close the top cover and the 
regulator, leaving the magazine cover open while igniting 
the kindlings, to avoid smoking the windows. Thus prepared, 
the kindlings may be ignited by holding a lighted paper in the 
ash-pit, or with a match by opening one of the mica doors. 
When the kindlings are well ignited and most of the smoke has 
passed off, it is safe to open the top cover and fill the magazine 
with fuel, or such quantity as may be required for the time. 
Now close both the top cover and the magazine cover, and 
afterwards keep them closed at all times, except when necessary 
to open them for supplying coal or rebuilding the fire. 

4. Supplying coal. The magazine should be filled with coal 
as often as once in twenty-four hours, and, when required by 
the coldness of the weather, it should be filled as often as twice 
in twenty-four hours. Have some stated time to attend to this, 
as the stove will do better and last longer if its magazine is 
kept filled with coal. 

5. Opening and closing the covers. Before opening the top 
cover, close the regulator and open the damper in the prpe ; 
then open the magazine cover; next open the top cover. 

This management, owing to the interior construction (patent 
of 1862), will compel the passage of the gases that may have 
accumulated* in the magazine to pass to the chimney, and 
thereby avoid any liability of-a puff, or the escape of any gas 
to the room. Also, to avoid a puff from confined air in the 
magazine, before closing the magazine cover, close the top 
cover and the regulator. 

6. To regulate the stovers action. This is done by means of the 
draught registers in the ash-pit doors, in conjunction with 
the regulator upon the top cover. If it cannot be done satis- 
factorily by these means, make use of a damper in the smoke 
pipe. To check the fire, close the registers and open the reg- 
ulator. To give the stove its strongest power for heating, 
open the draught registers in the ash-pit doors and close the 



THE MORNING- GLORY. 19 

regulator npori the top cover, leaving the clamper in the 
smoke pipe open. 

1. To clump the grate. With a good quality of coal, this will 
never be necessary, as the mill-grate will grind up the slag 




and slate from such coal so perfectly that the fire-pot will be as 
clean on a fire three months old as at the expiration of forty-eight 
hours ; but, should it become necessary, from the use of poor 
coal, or from any other cause, to dump the grate and clean out 
the fire-pot, it can be done with ease by disconnecting the end 
of its three-pronged bar from the hook on which it han^s, when 
the grate will tilt from its own weight, and empty the fire-pot. 
8. To avoid dust when shaking the grate. This is done by 
closing the regulator on the top cover, and opening the 
damper in the smoke pipe (if one is employed), and opening only 
one of the ash-pit doors, and moving the dust register to the 
left. It may be set down as certain, that- if any dust comes 
from the stove on shaking the grate under these circumstances, 
either the draft of the chimney is totally deficient, or the 
back flue of the stove or smoke-pipe is filled w it h soot, and in- 
stead of fretting about the dust, call in the "stove doctor" and 
have the matter put right. After shaking the grate, remember 
to close the dust register, and then close the ash-pit doors, 
and keep them closed at all times, except when shaking the 
grate or opening them to remove the ash-pan. It is very liable 
to injure the stove, besides putting the fire out of proper condi- 
tion, to permit the ash-pit doors to remain open longer than 
necessary to shake the grate and remove the ash-pan. 



20 THE MORNING GLORY. 

9. To rebuild the fire. When the fire is out from neglect to 
supply coal, do not dump the grate, but shake out the ashes 
and kindle on the old coal the same as on the grate in the first 
instance, which can be done with ease, unless the quantity re- 
maining more than fills the pot, in which case shake out a por- 
tion until the depth is only from four to six inches, which will 
ignite from the top and burn down to the bottom. It is bad 
for the stove to dump the grate very often, as a new fire burn- 
ing upon the grate will sooner destroy it. Besides this, the build- 
ing of one new fire undoubtedly does more injury to the stove 
than three months' use keeping the same fire continuously. 
Therefore, the fire-pot should never be cleaned out except when 
it is absolutely necessary. 

The Morning Glory stove, like any other mechanical device, 
must be used in accordance with the instructions given, and 
must have that reasonable attention required by the law of its 
being, in order to bestow the full benefits that may be derived 
from its use. It is, in fact, a base-burning stove — a scientific 
machine reduced to simplicity of construction ; and so much so 
that any person who will read the foregoing instructions, hav- 
ing one of the stoves for examination, can put it in operation, 
and produce with it precisely the same result that can be pro- 
duced by the inventor himself. 

ECONOMY. 

How much coal will it burn ? This question is often asked 
by those in pursuit of a stove ; and it is no easy matter some- 
times to give a truthful answer. The Morning Glory, though 
it now enjoys a reputation far more favorable than ever attain- 
ed by any other stove, has not obtained its celebrity by its pub- 
lished claims to economy in the use of fuel ; but has made its 
way into public favor for the reason that those who use them 
give them the highest praise, not only as to their economy, but 
in all other respects. It is a settled fact, that by their use, on 
an average, more than one-third of the fuel is saved as against 
any other stoves. The writer, though neglecting to write upon 
this particular subject, has conversed upon it thousands of times, 
and has made it a custom for many years when asked how much 



THE MORNING GLORY. 21 

coal the Morning Glory stove would require to warm a cer- 
tain size room, to ask the customer what kind of a stove he had 
been using; and receiving his reply, would ask if he had 
warmed his room ; when, if the customer replied in the affirm- 
ative, without caring to know the quantity of coal that had 
been burned, to guarantee a saving of one-third over the former 
stove. Such a guarantee has been given hundreds of times, 
and never in a single instance has the customer failed to receive 
the satisfaction guaranteed. But when the party using other 
stoves had failed to warm his room and was disposed to try the 
Morning Glory, then no guarantee as to the amount of coal to 
be burned could be given, simply for the reason that the room 
had never been warmed, and it was unknown how much heat 
was in fact required, and consequently a warm room only could 
be guaranteed. Hundreds of such customers have afterward 
found no difficulty in warming their apartments with less coal 
than was consumed with their former stove, and which could 
not be made to give the desired amount of heat. 

As to this question of economy, it is safe for any dealer in 
the Morning Glory stoves (and the Littlefield Stove Company 
will so guarantee) to treat the matter in just this way, viz. : 
For all persons that have been able to warm their apartments 
with any other stove, whether it was a common stove or one of 
the numerous base imitations and called Base Burners, to 
make them sell, if the customer has succeeded in warming his 
apartment with such stove, to put up for him a Morning Glory 
of 1869, and guarantee equal heat with an econonly in fuel of 
at least one-third. In some instances more than this can safely 
be guaranteed, as for instance on the lar^e sizes — the Nos. 28, 
30, and 32. In many places these sizes will do the work In a sat- 
isfactory manner with half of the coal other large stoves have 
burned and failed to answer the purpose required of them. 

REVERTIBLE FLUES. 

It is a favorite theme for those compelled to v sell the Bogus 
Base Burners (the people all wanting the GiSeat Improve- 
ment, and the Morning Glory being sold by only one dealer 
in a place), to attempt to make their way into the affections ^>f 



22 THE MORNING GLOEY. 

the public, by claiming that their stoves are an " imrovement 
upon the Morning Glory." That their stoves have " a fine hi 
the base" claiming for such stoves, that they are Base Heaters, 
but neglect to inform their customers that the first Magazine 
Stove Littlefield ever made was a revertible flue stove. 
Most of these gentlemen well know that Littlefield was the 
first to combine with Magazine Stoves the Revertible Flue, 
and that he abandoned such construction in 1853, as being 
wrong in principle, and did not apply for a patent upon said 
combination for that reason. When called to account, these 
gentlemen excuse themselves by saying that their customers 
ivill have a Base Burner ; and, since necessity compels them, 
think they may as well go a little further and supply their cus- 
tomers with a Base Heater. It is certainly a cool proceeding 
for manufacturers to pick up discarded ideas of mine and seek 
to impose them upon the public as " improvements " upon the 
Morning Glory. Such men are slow to admit that all of the 
Morning Glory stoves made since 1864 have been Base Heat- 
ers ; or that such was the object of my improvements made and 
patented in 1863, or that such improvements have been embod- 
ied into the present pattern of the Morning Glory stoves. 
But, instead of this, continue to harp upon my faulty construc- 
tion of 1861 and '2, and falsely insist that none of the Morning 
Glory stoves will heat at the base, — statements which they well 
know to be contrary to the facts. 

It is true that stoves should radiate a portion of their heat 
from the base ; but it is also true that the extreme lower part 
of the stove should not be its most intensely heated portion. 

A method of construction that will permit the base of the 
stove to be properly heated without having a flue there to clog 
up and fill with ashes, is far more preferable to a method well 
known to be wrong in principle, to say nothing of the trouble 
in cleaning: out such flue at least once a month. 

The first purpose of a stove is, or should be, to produce, as 
near as possible, a perfect combustion of the fuel, for thereby 
depends the economical working of it. The second purpose is, 
or should be, to dispose of the heat produced thereby ; and /this, 
without permitting any of the poisonous volatile products of 



THE MORNING- GLORY. 23 

combustion to escape to poison the air of the room. The third 
purpose is, or should be, to so dispose of the heat that all parts 
of the stove shall be properly heated, and that only so much of 
the heat produced shall pass to the chimney as will insure a 
proper combustion of the fuel, the primary object of the con- 
struction. 

With these purposes in view, and commencing with eight 
years' experience in the construction of Base Burning stoves, 
I have since been nine years in bringing the Morning Glory 
stove to its present state of perfection. I have sought in good 
faith not to cater to the crude notions of the public in these 
matters; but to produce what should be, in fact, a perfect 
machine; and, while I am not yet prepared to claim for the 
Morning Glory absolute perfection, I do claim for it a degree 
of perfection not heretofore attained by any similar device, and 
which cannot be reached by any person, providing my rights 
as a patentee are respected, until the expiration of my patents 
of December 9th, 1862, and August 18, 1863. 

To any person competent to judge in these matters, it re- 
quires no argument to show that these purposes are laudable, 
and in accordance with correct principles, and that nothing 
could more certainly promise defeat than to turn aside from the 
correct method and cater to the whims and notions of those who 
really do not have a correct knowledge in these matters. And, 
to combine with this class of stoves a flue which should turn all 
the products of combustion down below the ignited fuel, would 
be just this. Therefore, notwithstanding some of the grand- 
mothers and grandfathers, who have lost most of their vitality, 
and require a place to heat their feet, may call for such a stove, 
and my opponents finding it safe to bring forward an erroneous 
and abandoned idea of my own on which to compete with the 
Morning Glory, and have, through great efforts, produced, to 
a certain extent, a call for such stoves, I shall continue to con- 
struct the Morning Glory in accordance with the correct the- 
ory, and give them the entire field on Revertible Flue Stoves. 

Such a stove, if the flues are made use of, cannot by any pos- 
sibility produce a proper combustion of the fuel, for the reason 
that when the products of combustion are turned down below 



24 THE MORNING GLORY. 

the burning coal, the gaseous products cannot freely escape as 
they should from the coal that is in a state of ignition ; result- 
ing in filling the interstices among this coal with such gases, 
and, they filling such space, atmospheric air to supply oxygen 
(the supporter of combustion) cannot freely enter as it should, 
and mingle with this highly heated coal. The result is a dead 
red fire, when it should assume the form of a white glow of 
heat, converting the stove (by the use of the revertible flue) into 
a distilling apparatus, in which the coal is simply converted 
into carbonic oxyde (carbon half oxydized, attended with a 
loss of four-fifths of its heating power), and in this state 
passed to the chimney and wasted at the house-top. 

No wonder that with such stoves so little heat passes to the 
chimney. A method of construction that icill permit the coal 
to be properly burned, — that is, that will permit its carbon to be 
combined with its full portion of oxygen, and thereby (the only 
way it can be done) evolve all its heat-giving power, necessari- 
ly heats the smoke-pipe and chimney, as it does the whole stove. 

It is far more economical to evolve all the heat-giving power 
of the coal, though two, or even three-fifths of it shall find its 
way to the chimney, than to employ a construction that can 
only evolve one-fifth of its heat-giving power, and pass no heat 
to the chimney. 

But the most serious objection to a revertible flue maga- 
zine stove, is the fact that when such flues are used a fullness 
is created in all that portion of the stove above the burning 
fuel, and when we consider that this space is thus filled with a 
deadly poison, which ivill, more or less, escape to poison the air 
of the room, we shall realize the greatest objection to that class 
of stoves. 

If coal cannot be burned without endangering the health and 
life of those who use it, it should not be burned at all. Unlike 
wood, it cannot, owing to its chemical properties, be burned 
without producing poisonous gases ; making the most important 
element in a construction devised to avoid difficulty from them, 
the means by which all of these gases shall be conveyed to the 
chimney. This was the position assumed when, in 1861, I con- 
structed the first pattern of the Morning Glory Stoves. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



25 



DIAGRAM OF THE STOVE OP 1861. PATENT OP 1862. 




It will be observed, by the above diagram, that in this stove 
the fire-pot A and the magazine B, were inclosed within the 
same chamber, formed above the line C, and being so construct- 
ed could impart but little heat to that part of the stove below 
the line C. This was the pattern of the Morning Glory that 
would not heat sufficiently at the base, and which " my friends " 
seem to insist upon as being made at the present time. But 
however faulty this stove might have been in that respect, it 
has been proved beyond question that it has never had its equal 
except in the Morning Glory Stoves made since that time. 

3 



26 THE MOENING GLOEY. 

By this construction the hot products of combustion emitted 
from the fire were to have room for immediate expansion ; or, 
in other words, were to pass to a space that was never to be filled, 
and consequently to have at all times permission to pass freely 
from the ignited solid fuel ; and to be retained at the point of 
expansion long enough to part with a large share of their heat, 
and to then pass upward into a gradually contracting part of 
the chamber, and by these means impart a more uniform degree 
of heat to the transmitting case. 

For the purpose of giving to the stove the highest degree of 
efficiency and economizing the heat, the interior arrangements 
were so constructed that these hot products of combustion 
should be forced into full contact with all parts of the surround- 
ing case throughout its whole extent, including its front and its 
extreme upper and rear portions, and then be turned downward 
to the exit flue, and this, without creating an entire fullness of 
said chamber, so tested before the stove was put in market. 
Thus was produced a stove, that, however faulty it might be in 
other respects, was certain when properly used to convey all of 
the poisonous gases to the chimney. 

From its first introduction in 1861, the Morning Glory has 
been increasing in popularity, and notwithstanding its imper- 
fections at the start — which were many — the first patterns be- 
ing hardly more than experimental, it was found in practice 
that its theory of construction, so far at least as to the combus- 
tion of the fuel and the entirely safe disposal of the poisonous 
gases, was correct. 

Many of these defective stoves are still in use, their owners 
prizing them as an heir-loom, having them repaired year after 
year, when they could save money by throwing them away to 
be replaced by the present patterns. But knowing them to be 
a heathful stove, dare not give them up for fear they cannot 
find their equal. 

Notwithstanding the stove of 1861-2 did not impart but 
little of its heat from the base, there was no complaint in that 
respect, but for the purpose of better economizing the heat pro- 
duced by its perfection of operation, I devised the construction 
patented in 1863. 



THE MOENI^G GLORY. 



27 



DIAGRAM OF THE STOVE OF 1863. 




It was my purpose in this construction to save over the 
former construction just that amount of heat -which was radi- 
ated from the surface of the fire-pot. In the former pattern, the 
fire-pot, being inclosed by the same chamber that inclosed the 
magazine, radiated all of its heat to that chamber ; and the 
theory was, that said chamber, receiving all the heat from the 
products of combustion, was not, as constructed, additionally 
heated by the heat radiating from the surface of the fire-pot ; 
and that so much heat was consequently lost, which might be 
utilized if the heat thus radiating from the fire-pot could be 
conveyed to a chamber separate from the chamber surrounding 
the magazine. 



28 THE MORNING GLORY. 

To accomplish this, the fire-pot was suspended in a separate 
chamber (see diagram) formed by the bottom of the stove, and 
the cylinder resting upon it, forming a chamber surrounding 
the fire-pot, so that all the heat radiating from its surface 
(always highly heated when the stove is in operation) was radi- 
ated to said chamber, and transmitted to the case forming it, 
which chamber, as will be seen, formed the lowest portion of 
the stove. 

Thus was produced, in 1863, a Base-heating Magazine 
Stove, which, "my friends" — notwithstanding all their efforts 
in that line have been made since that date — do not seem to 
remember, or that the idea of "base heating" did, in fact, 
originate with me. 

For the purpose of showing the utter absurdity of the pre- 
tense in some quarters, that the Morning Glory does not heat 
sufficiently at the base, I will relate one of many similar in- 
cidents. The first season that the Base-heating Moening 
Glort was sold at Lowell, Mass., about fifty were put in use 
there. During the winter, I was there on business with Mr. N. 
J. Weir, our agent at that city. At that time the various 
Base-heating Stoves, now making claim to public favor, were 
not before the public; consequently, Mr. Weir was a novice 
on that question. On making inquiry as to how the stoves had 
pleased, he replied that all with the exception of one had given 
the very best satisfaction ; and went on to state that in that 
instance the customer, after using the stove some two or three 
weeks, discovered that his oilcloth and carpet under the stove 
were completely destroyed, and the floor actually charred by 
heat coming from the bottom of the stove, and was afraid to 
continue its use, fearing it would set his house on fire ; that he 
had prevailed upon the party not to give it up, and had put a 
piece of zinc under it, over which and about half an inch from 
it, and resting upon legs, a piece of Russia sheet iron, a little 
less in diameter than the stove bottom ; since which time there 
had been no complaint, even from that stove. The difficulty in 
that instance was owing to the neglect to use zinc or some 
other metallic protector in the first instance — which precaution 
should always be had before starting a fire, in order to insure 



THE MORNING GLORY. 29 

the safety of the oilcloth or carpet, or even the floor when the 
stove is used in a room where there is no carpet. 

It is sometimes said that the Revertible Flue keeps the 
heated products of combustion longer within the stove. This 
may be true in some cases, but it is not so in any of the so- 
called Base Heaters, as against the Morning Glory. It will 
be found upon actual measurement, that in the Morning Glory 
the heated products of combustion, in their passage from the 
fire pot to the exit flue, are retained longer and caused to travel 
nearly three times the distance before reaching the exit pipe 
than in any of the revertible-flue stoves. 

HOW BASE -BURNING STOVES SHOULD BE CON- 
STRUCTED. 

It can in truth be said that the most economical stove is the 
one that produces the most perfect combustion. But few per- 
sons, even among stove manufacturers, have a correct knowledge 

of the 

chemistry of combustion — 

and among those who use stoves there is a more profound igno- 
rance on the subject — a correct knowledge of which would be 
of vital importance to the community. 

Combustion, whether for producing light or heat, is their 
development by chemical combinations; and. perfect combustion 
should be produced, whether it be in the burning of a candle or 
any of the various fluids for illuminating purposes, or of anthra- 
cite and other fuels for heating purposes ; and perfect combustion 
is the combination of the carbon of the combustible with the 
largest measure of oxygen with which it is capable of uniting. 

It is an absurd notion entertained by many persons, that a 
given weight of coal, however burned, will produce only a cer- 
tain amount of heat. Nothing can be more untrue. It might as 
well be said that a candle gives the same light when it needs 
trimming, or that the lamp does as well toward lighting the 
apartment when it smokes, as to say that anthracite when 
half burned will produce the same amount of heat as when 
burned perfectly. 

3* 



30 THE MOKNING GLORY. 

The well-known fact in chemistry that chemical combinations 
can only take place in certain definite proportions, ought to be 
understood by every person, viz. : That to produce the poorest 
quality of combustion (and there are only two that can be pro- 
duced, perfect and imperfect), six parts of carbon combines with 
eight parts of oxygen to form carbonic oxide ; and that the fuel 
thus consumed only yields 20* per cent of the heat it is capable 
of producing. But as combustion is intensified in the common 
stove, even though it may have a " feeder " applied to it and 
called a " Base Burner," it is only a part of the fire pot that 
can become sufficiently heated to give to any portion of the fuel 
such an affinity for oxygen that eight more parts may be taken 
into the combination. 

According to that law of chemical combinations which has 
been established since the world began, there is no intermediate 
combination in which six parts of carbon can combine with 
more than eight, and less than sixteen, of oxygen. The two 
may be mixed in any intermediate proportion, but not as a 
chemical unity ; and, therefore, no heat is produced by the mix- 
ture beyond the degree required to form carbonic oxide, unless 
at the expense of fuel, until the burning is at such an intensity 
(which it cannot be in the common stove) as will permit the 
second portion of the oxygen to enter into the combination. 

Understanding these facts, it will readily be seen that such 
stoves can only produce carbonic oxide, and a low degree of 
heat ; and that this is always the case until the whole quantity 
is fully ignited, after which, if the depth of coal is not too 
great, the product passing from the center of the fire pot may, 
by possibility, be carbonic acid ; but it can only be so at that 
point, for the reason that the exterior coal resting against the 
sides of the fire pot is cooled, so that it cannot take up the 



* A diversity of opinion exists among scientific men as to the amount of 
heat produced by burning to produce carbonic oxide, or carbonic acid. 
Dulong estimates that burning, to produce carbonic oxide, only produces 
20 per cent ; Andrews 28 per cent, and Grassi 43 per cent. Dulong, 
being the authority quoted by Professor Bunsen and Dr. Lyon Playfair, 
in a report on Blast Furnaces (see Report of the British Association for 
1845), would seem to be the best authority. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



31 



second portion of oxygen, resulting in a loss to the extent of 80 
per cent, if Duxong was correct in his estimate ; and to this 
extent from all portions of the coal which is below the tempera- 
ture required to permit the full proportion of oxygen to com- 
bine with it. 

This is a fair statement of the case, being simply truisms well 
known to experts in such matters since the philosophy of com- 
bustion was reduced to a science ; and it has also been as clearly 
known to the scientific world, that the common " up draught" 
stove originally intended for burning the various kinds of friable 
and tender fuels which contain a large portion of oxygen as a 
component part, was an unsuitable adaptation for burning a 
solid fuel, containing but little or no oxygen. Hence, the the- 
ory, that, to produce an economical combustion of a compact 
fuel, it must be so heated before it reaches the place of combustion, 
as to give it an affinity for ogygen, and afterward meet it 
inversely, permitting the gaseous products to pass off sidewise, 
and to a space never to be filled, in order to more completely 
saturate the carbon with ogygen from the air — the supporter 
of combustion — or, in other words, to insure a more perfect 
combustion. 

Out of this theory grew the " Magazine Stove" composed of 
three active parts or elements, viz. : 

A fire-pot (A) or place where the fuel is 
burned, overhung by a magazine (B) to con- 
tain a supply of reserve fuel, and a surround- 
ing chamber (C) made vacuous by its con- 
nection with the chimney flue, and through 
which the products of combustion were trans- 
mitted, known only as a " Magazine Stove" 
prior to the date of my inventions. 

An expert, speaking of such construction 

as a principle, or mode of operation, would 

say, that, inasmuch as it was intended to con- 




<£ 



IL 



S tain an oversupply of fuel, its action was in- 



tended to be regulated by the air supplied at the base, and so 
constructed as to ignite but little fuel, and burn it at a more 



32 THE MORNING GLORY. 

elevated temperature, and that the primary object of such con- 
struction was to prepare the cold fuel for a more perfect combus- 
tion by heating it, and thus giving it a greater affinity for oxy- 
gen before it should desce?id to the place of combustion. A pur- 
pose far different from that of suspending a small tube over a 
fire-pot to serve simply as a feeder" or to so construct a maga- 
zine that it can only contain the solid fuel, and permit the 
volatile to pass off through its open sides, or from its open top, 
and go to waste. 

Stoves of this character were constructed in England many 
years ago ; and many will remember that substantially the 
same construction was manufactured and sold at Albany some 
thirty years ago by the late Dr. Nott, and known as the Nott 
Stove. 

It is well known that the ISTott Stove, notwithstanding its 
great popularity at the time, and for several years afterward, 
was practically a failure, and long since ceased to be regarded 
as of value. One of the works of this trulv great man was an 
attempt to teach the people how to burn coal, and it is to him I 
am indebted for my own information on this subject, far more 
than to all other persons ; but his stove, like those that had been 
made before that time, having one great defect which its con- 
structor failed to discover, was compelled to succumb at last, 
and, like its predecessors, be known in the books only, which 
lie dusty with age upon the shelves of our libraries. 

The Nott STOve, as also the original Magazine Burner, was 
intended to ignite but little fuel, and to burn it at a high temper- 
ature regulated by the supply of air at the base, but it was faulty 
in that it afforded access to air, also, from above, entering the 
magazine through the unavoidable crevices around its cover, and 
passing thence downward through it to the fire. This down- 
ward current was increased, both in volume and rapidity, by 
reducing the supply at the base, and could be checked only by 
the objectionable means of partially closing the ^moke-pipe. 
The disturbance thus introduced, precluding any effective con- 
trol of the action of the stove, was itself sufficient to insure its 
ultimate failure. At least this was my theory at the outset, and 
time has proved that it was a correct one. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 



33 



If it be asked why it was with such stoves that more or less 
air was constantly passing down through the supply coal, the 
reply is by referring to the fact that to heat a combustible is to 
give it an affinity for oxygen so that air is drawn toward it ; 
and the fuel being cold when placed in the magazine, its inter- 
stices were unavoidably filled with atmospheric air. The fuel 
in the fire-pot being heated, such air was attracted to and passed 
to the fire-pot. And as the cover opening to its magazine could 
not be made absolutely air-tight, more or less air would pass in 
under it to fill the place of that among the supply coal which 
necessarily passed to the burning fuel. Hence it will be seen, 
that, with such constructions, there was at all times more or 
less atmospheric air mingling with the supply coal, and from 
that direction, passing to the fire-pot, when it should only have 
been permitted to pass thereto at the base. 

As the objects of my inventions have been to improve and 
make valuable this class of stoves, it follows that my stoves 
employ the same elements, viz. : A fire-pot, overhung, not by a 
simple, "feeder" but by a preparing magazine for reserve fuel, 
and a vacuous chamber to receive the products of combustion 
from the fire-pot and transmit them to the chimney flue, vary- 
in <r in their combination from the stoves referred to, in that 
said chamber is so constructed as to inclose the cover opening 

to the magazine. 

THE MORNING GLORY. 

It will be observed that in this stove the 
exterior chamber incloses the cover opening 
to its magazine, forming by means of the 
exit flue leading to the chimney, a vacuous 
chamber to surround said cover, and there- 
by insure the proper action of the stove. 
When thus constructed, it is impossible for 
any atmospheric air which may find its way 
into the exterior chamber, to gain access to 
the magazine, for the reason that the vacu- 
ous space thus formed by the chimney flue 
has more power to draw it in that direction 
than the heated fuel has to take it in under 
the cover to its magazine. 




84 THE MOENING GLORY. 

In the practical use of The Morning Glory, it has been 
found that its great utility consists in its ability to accumulate 
within its magazine, a volatile combustible, taken up from that 
portion of the fuel highly heated, but not in a state of ignition. 
Such accumulation from the fullness of the magazine passes 
down to the fire-pot, where it meets the air coming up through 
the grate, at the base, when its combustion takes place. In- 
tensifying the heat at that point, and causing the coal at the 
base, and at the exterior surfaces, to be the first portions con- 
sumed to ashes, making, in fact, a Base Burning Stove. 

To exhibit more clearly the difference in the action of The 
Morning Glory, and the before-mentioned constructions, it 
may be said that in starting the fire, they are identical. So, 
too, w T ith the condition of the supply coal when placed therein, 
in each having its interstices filled w T ith atmospheric air which 
passed therein with the coal. So, also, that the air among the 
supply coal is attracted to, and passes to the burning fuel. At 
this point the parallel ceases ; and for the reason, that there is 
a radical change in their construction. With the former, a 
new supply of air would pass into its magazine under the cover 
opening thereto, more or less, in proportion to its tightness ; 
whereas, with The Morning Glory, none can pass therein, 
simply for the reason that the chimney flue has more power to 
take it in that direction than the heated fuel has to take it in 
under the cover to its magazine. 

The practical advantages of The Morning Glory will be 
appreciated when it is understood, that, inasmuch as the before- 
mentioned constructions could not be regulated by the air sup- 
ply at the base, they could not be made to burn continuously, 
for the reason, that the air, more or less, passing down from the 
top caused combustion to take place at the center of the supply 
coal, and at a point remote from the base, thereby causing ashes 
and slag to accumulate at a point far above the base, so that, 
in a short time, the fire-pot would become clogged with refuse 
matter and half burnt coals, which could not be removed with- 
out first removing the partially consumed coals upon the grate. 
Whereas, with The Morning Glory, atmospheric air can only 
reach the magazine when supplying coal thereto, and which 



THE M0RNINO GLORY. 35 

passes to the burning fuel, the chimney flue, by its connection 
with the chamber surrounding the magazine, preventing the 
passage of air thereto, when the stove is in operation, so that 
the magazine (atmospheric air being excluded) becomes a perfect 
receiver. Receiving from the heated fuel a volatile product, 
which is combustible ; filling the interstices of the supply coal 
with such combustible, down to a point in the fire-pot where it 
meets the air coming up through the grate, where it burns, 
causing active combustion at the base and the exterior surfaces, 
and, as before written, converting the " Magazine Stove " into 
a Base Burning Stove. 

The Morning Glory is an engine of combustion, composed 
of certain correct principles of construction, the object of which 
have been to produce what should be in fact a Base Burning 
Stove. That it has been brought to a high state of perfection 
all will admit. And that such a stove must necessarily be 
economical must be self-evident ; for, as the candle, when neatly 
trimmed, gives more light, as the result of a more perfect burn- 
ing of its carbon, so will Anthracite give more heat when its 
carbonaceous properties are more thoroughly consumed. 

It Avill be observed that I was the first to so organize the 
Magazine Stove that it could burn at the base only. And hav- 
ing accomplished this, together with further invention relating 
to this class of stoves, I sought for a term to distinguish my 
inventions from those which were old and well known. Hence 
originated the term u Base Burner." It was supposed that I 
should be able to enjoy the exclusive right to use this term as 
a trade mark ; but it was afterward found that the Law in that 
respect did not protect the right to use any words as a trade 
mark that are descriptive of the article to be sold under it. 

The purpose of this pamphlet is to impart certain facts relat- 
ing to my inventions, to which the public are entitled. As to 
the terms " Base Burner" and " Base Burning" there is proba- 
bly no words in the English language so improperly used as 
these are at the present time, and it is but a simple act of fair- 
ness on my part to ventilate this matter. It is true that iny 
legal right is not infringed when other manufacturers, influenced 
by their popularity, make use of these terms. But, when they 



36 THE MORNING GLORY. 

are applied, as is the case, to stoves, that, in principle of con- 
struction, were in existence prior to the date of my inventions, 
and to those that made no pretensions as Base Burners, then 
injustice is done. No stove which employs a magazine, simply 
to serve as a "feeder" to supply coal to a fire-pot, is, or can, 
with truth, be called a Base Burner. And certainly a stove 
that will permit all the coal contained in its magazine to become 
ignited, or a stove that does not employ my inventions, has no 
moral right to put on the habiliments of a Base Burner, and 
claim popular favor for that reason. 

A Base Burning Stove is precisely such a stove as I have 
described it ; and every stove claiming to be such, which does 
not correspond with this description, assumes to be what it is not. 

The heating power of a Base Burning Stove depends upon 
the size of the magazine, and its proper adjustment to the 
"fire-pot" or "furnace" below it. These two elements 
should be so adapted to each other as to ignite but little coal, 
compared with the quantity the magazine is to contain. The 
magazine must be practically air-tight, so that it may be filled, 
not only with coal, but with gases generated therefrom. The 
magazine and furnace should be so adapted to each other as to 
make it necessary to build the fire below the magazine ; when, 
as the coal is consumed, that above settles, not out laterally as 
in the "Bogus" Base Burners, but down as in the Morning 
Glory, to supply its place. With such an organization, a fire 
may be started with the frost of autumn, and supplying the 
magazine and shaking down the ashes daily, will continue for 
the winter. A " millgrate " (used in no other stove beside the 
Morning Glory) will grind up the matter that cannot be 
burned ; and, if the lower end of the magazine (which must 
necessarily be the most intensely heated part of the stove) is 
composed of fire-brick, or some other non-combustible and 
slowly conducting material, the coal will be perfectly consumed ; 
giving all its heat, and none going to hodsfull of cinders and 
half-burnt coal, as it does in the " Bogus " Base Burners, 
where the fire-pot alone is the seat of power ; and the magazine 
is used only as a "feeder ; " and is composed of cast iron, which 
melts at a temperature far below that produced by the perfect 
combustion of anthracite. 



THE MOKNINO GLORY, 37 

The following was written and published in 1859; and by 
request is again published : 

THEORY OF THE CHIMNEY. 

As stoves cannot be used to advantage without a good chim- 
ney, I thought it not out of place to give a short chapter on 
the theory, and the cases and remedies of smoky chimneys. 

By a law of expansion, atmospheric air and gases dilate al- 
most equally, and nearly in proportion to their increase in tem- 
perature ; and as the law of expansion applies to air in motion, 
the same as to air at rest, we can calculate the amount of dilation 
of the column of air in a chimney, from the heat of the stove. 
But as the heat varies, so also does the volume of ascending 
air. The air that passes through the fire undergoes a chemical 
change and becomes intensely heated, and, as it passes through 
the pipe and chimney, becomes reduced in temperature at every 
step, and if the pipe be so long that no heat can enter the 
chimney we shall have a poor draught. 

Chimneys may have a poor draught for want of a sufficient 
supply of air. This is often the case in a new house, where the 
doors and windows fit tight. If no air can come into the room, 
none can go up the chimney. Another cause of smok}^ chim- 
neys arises from the size of the flue. The heated air as it 
ascends may distribute its heat to the air in the upper part of 
the chimney so that the whole may be as cool, and the column 
within the flue be of the same weight as an equal column on 
the outside. In that case there will be no draught. The reme- 
dy in such case is to close every opening to the flue, except 
through the stove ; if this does not remedy the difficulty, the 
only way it can be done is to carry a pipe from the stove to 
the top of the chimney, so as to reduce the size of the flue, or 
up such distance within the chimney as will convey the requisite 
amount of heat to its upper portion. 

In many houses they do not have a separate chimney for 
each room, but the flue from an upper room, enters the flue 
from the lower room. In such case the upper chimney is too 
short, as the length can only be measured from the place where 
it enters the flue from the lo^er room, and this is shortened by 

4 



38 THE MORNING GLORY. 

the distance between the entrance at the second funnel, and the 
top of the chimney ; for that part being supplied with air from 
the second funnel, adds no force to the draught, and if there is 
no fire in the room above, it cools the current from the room be- 
low, and so retards the draught. The remedy is to close the 
opening where there is no fire. 

HOW FLUES COUNTERACT EACH OTHER. 

Chimneys very frequently counteract each other, and cause 
either one or both to smoke. If two stoves are in one room, 
with fire in both, and the doors and windows are closed tight, 
the stronger fire may overcome the weaker, and draw the air 
down the chimney and pipe of one to supply the other ; the 
air descending the weaker, will bring the smoke and gas with 
it, and so fill the room. Two chimneys in different rooms, may 
act in the same manner when a door is opened ; so also in a 
house in which the doors and windows fit very tight — a kitchen 
chimney, may overpower other chimneys in the same house, and 
draw the gas and smoke into the rooms. 

Another cause of poor chimneys, is where their tops are com- 
manded by higher buildings, or by a hill, so that the wind blow- 
ing over them, falls on the top of the chimney, and beats the 
smoke down. If the chimney cannot be raised, so that the top 
may be of the same height as the eminence, the only remedy is 
to mount some kind of a chimney cap that will remedy the 
difficulty. 

HOW ROOMS ARE SOMETIMES FILLED WITH SMOKE. 

A room where there is no fire, is often filled with smoke from 
the fire in another room. This arises from the changes in the 
temperature of the air in the cold chimney, which settles down, 
and draws the smoke with it. 

A chimney will always have a better draught during the 
night than during the day, owing to the fact that the air is cooler 
during the night. This increased draught will continue during 
the morning, until the heat of day approaches, when the draught 
is checked until evening, when it changes again during the 
night. This fact should be understood, as many persons make 
a practice of leaving more draught on the stove during the 



THE MORNING GLORY. 39 

night than during the day, for the purpose of keeping the fire, 
when to accomplish that object with economy a less draught 
should be employed. 

MY OWN OBSERVATIONS. 

Many interesting cases have come under my own observation. 
In the early history of my stoves, I sold one to a gentleman 

by the name of B , a teacher in one of the public schools at 

Lowell, Mass. This gentleman claimed to be somewhat scien- 
tific in such matters, and took the stove on trial for the purpose 
of giving me encouragement. It was put up at his residence 
by a mechanic in my employ, but a fire was not started, as the 
lady did not require it at that time. During the evening Mr. 

B called to inform me that it was impossible to start the 

fire. He had u tried it himself, and he was certain it could not 
be made to burn anything." I agreed to call next morning and 
remedy the difficulty. Suspecting that something was wrong 
about the chimney, I tested the draught by holding a lighted 
paper in the stove, and found the difficulty. So informed them, 
but they would not listen to any thing of the kind. I assured 
them I was right, and asked the privilege of putting the stove 
up in a room adjoining, as a test; to which they would not 

consent. Mrs. B was sure it was a good chimney, as her 

father built the house ; she would prefer I would take the stove 

away and bring another, like the one I sold Mrs. S -. Being 

rather " set in my way" under such circumstances, I was deter- 
mined " not to give it up so," took down the pipe, and taking 
an old newspaper from my pocket, twisted it into a roll of about 
twenty inches long, introducing one end to the pipe hole and 
allowing the other to project out some two or three inches, at 
the same time asking the lady if she would admit that the 
chimney was bad if the flame, on lighting the paper, was not 
drawn into the flue. After some discussion, she was induced 
to admit that if it would not, that the stove could not be ex- 
pected to u draw well" On lighting the paper, all the flame 
and smoke came into the room. The whole roll did not burn 
up, as the smoke in the flue smothered the fire out, so that about 
one-third of the paper was left. This test being satisfactory, a 



40 THE MORNING GLORY. 

mason was employed, who discovered that the flue was filled with 
brick and mortar, left there by the mason that built it. But 
the best part of the story remains to be told. I was well ac- 
quainted with the former occupant of this house, and on making 
inquiry found that he moved from it because they could not 
have a fire in the sitting-room. He informed me that " he had 
tried five different kinds of stoves ; had them all warranted to 
'draw well,"* and as none of them ' would draw, 1 they were all 
returned," which of course went to the loss of the parties that 
put them up on trial. 

THE WISE TRUSTEES. 

Some years since I was requested to superintend the setting 

of one of my furnaces to warm a church at . The building 

had been remodeled, and a chimney built specially for the fur- 
nace. It seems the trustees came to the conclusion that it was 
necessary to have a roof for the chimney, to keep out the rain 
and snow, and, at the same time, make a substantial finish. A 
pier from each corner of the chimney was carried up about six 
inches high ; on these piers were placed a stone covering, some- 
what larger than the chimney, leaving outlets for the smoke on 
each of the four sides. On selecting the proper place to locate 
the furnace, it became necessary to use about forty feet of pipe 
to reach the chimney. This being rather too much to insure a 
good draught, caused me to examine the chimney carefully, 
when I discovered the covering at the top, and decided that we 
must either locate the furnace nearer the chimney, or remove 
the cap-stone. This was mentioned to the trustees, when they 
were not inclined to agree to it. The successful operation of 
the furnace was to be guaranteed, and consequently I claimed 
that the trustees must guarantee a good chimney. On holding 
a lighted paper at the pipe hole, the chimney seemed to have a 
perfect draught. This, it was claimed by the trustees, was a 
fair test. To which I objected, and for the following reasons : 
To use the long pipe would cool the products of combustion 
very much before entering the chimney, and the carbonic acid, 
entering the chimney at a low temperature, would become nearly 
cold before it reached the top, and when it should come in con- 
tact with the cold stone covering (which it would on passing 



THE MORNING GLORY. 41 

out), the stone would absorb ail its contained heat; and as this 
gas, when cold, is heavier than air, it would fall back into the 
chimney, and close it so effectually that nothing could pass out. 
This philosophy did not satisfy the trustees ; but finally a com- 
promise was effected by which the furnace was to be set as first 
located, and if it was found that the draught was not good the 
cap stone was to be removed. 

During the time the furnace was being set by the bricklayers, 
this cap stone was the theme of discussion, with none to adopt 
my theory. At one time, I had some fears it would produce a 
division in the society, as the Trustees had agreed to remove 
the stone (which had cost quite a sum of money to place it in 
its elevated position) without calling a meeting of that body. 
At any rate, it looked as though this board could not be re- 
elected if the stone was removed. When the job was com- 
pleted, preparations were made to start the fire, the Trustees 
and several of their friends being present. The best of kindlings 
were used ; and, on igniting them, the draught was so powerful 
that it was necessary to check it. At this, a shout of triumph 
was raised by the Trustees, but it was suggested by a disinter- 
ested looker on, u they had better not crow before they were 
out of the woods." When the kindlings were well ignited, hard 
coal was supplied. The fire continued to burn well until the 
kindlings were exhausted. It then began to cool down, and 
very soon the gas and smoke came out at all the joints of the 
pipe, filling the room to suffocation. The Trustees were not 
willing to give it up ; and, to satisfy them, every effort was 
made to make the fire burn. To end the matter, I proposed to 
have the stone removed, and if that did not remedy the diffi- 
culty, to replace it at my expense. Ladders were procured, 
and in a very short time, the stone was at terra ftrma^ when the 
fire began to burn well, causing the furnace to operate satisfac- 
torily. 

HOW A LAWYER WAS PUNISHED. 

Another incident and I will bring this chapter to a close. 

Lawyer D -, of this city, purchased one of my patent stoves 

in 1856. The next season hu exchanged it for the new and im- 

4* 



42 THE MORNING GLORY. 

proved pattern. After using the new stove for a few days, he 
called upon the party with whom he had made the exchange, and 
notified him that he liked the old pattern better than the new. 
A man was sent to make some alterations in the pipe, with a 
view to remedy the difficulty ; and subsequent to this, several 
changes were made in the pipe, and also with the dumb stove in 
the room above. After using the stove for about six weeks, 
and suffering much inconvenience, the gentleman concluded to 
have the old stove put back. As this proposition did not meet 
the wishes of the party who made the exchange, I was called 
upon to help him out of the difficulty. On examination, I 
thought the flues of the dumb stove were obstructed ; but this 
could not be, as it had been taken apart and thoroughly cleaned. 
I then suggested that the dumb stove be dispensed with, to 
which it was replied that the former stove operated perfectly 
in connection with it; but as I could see no other difficulty, I 
prevailed upon the gentleman to let me try the stove without 
the use of the dumb stove. With considerable reluctance his 
consent was obtained. On the change being made it was 
thought the fire burned better, but on calling again the same 
day it was claimed that there was no improvement. At this 
time I fixed the fire and requested them not to touch it until I 
should call again in the evening. On making the next call, " I 
was compelled to own the insufficiency of my skill." Before it 
was decided what to do next, I noticed for the first time a dam- 
per in the pipe, some five or six feet above the stove ; but its 
handle indicated that it was open. On making this discovery 
the mystery was explained ; and for the purpose of giving them 
a surprise, I pretended to make further examination, when the 
damper was turned without its being noticed. In a few minutes 
the stove was excessively hot. This sudden change could not 
be accounted for by them, as they saw I had done nothing to 
produce it ; but after considerable speculation on their part, the 
cause of the difficulty was explained. The reader has already 
discovered that this whole difficulty arose from the carelessness 
of the clown that cleaned the old pipe, and put the stove up ; 
the damper rod being put in wrong, indicated that the damper 
was open, when it was closed. 



THE MORNING GLORY. 43 

AN APOLOGY. 

have devoted considerable space to this subject, as it is im- 
tant that the causes of bad chimneys should be understood ; 
ig a complicated subject, no general rule can be adopted to 
it the difficulties as they present themselves, under the vary- 

circumstances. But the above cases include most of the 
ses and the remedies. A stove should never be condemned 
ause the draught is poor ; rather find out the cause, and cor- 
i it ; as it is all wrong, and very unjust to charge the stove 
h. a wrong action, and excuse the chimney flue, which is gen- 
ly the guilty party. 

D. G. LITTLEFIELD. 
llbany, July 20, 1869. 



44 THE MORNING GLORY. 

A NEW IDEA. 

The cut on the last page of the cover represents the Morning 
Glory of 1869 as when set up for use in front of a fireplace, 
and having an oven attached. This oven is probably the most in- 
genious arrangement for the purpose that has ever been devised. 
It requires no change in the stove as made ; can be applied tem- 
porarily, if desired, and when removed and the door (taken ~ff 
to put on the oven) is replaced, the stove will be the same as 
though the oven had not been used. They can be applied to all 
the stoves made and sold last season, as well as to those of the 
present year. 

To fit them on remove one of the mica doors, the one under 
the smoke pipe, and the oven fits on in its place, where it is 
fastened by a button, similar to the one used to hold the dofor 
up, except that it is made stronger, so as to hold the weight of 
the oven. A small cast-iron collar comes with the oven, wfyi&h 
is to be riveted to the lower side of the smoke pipe, and wiln 
so riveted the sheet iron of the pipe inside of the collar is toyl< 
chiseled out, so as to form an opening to the pipe. There is 
collar on the top of the oven, of the same size as the collar 
be put on to the smoke pipe, and a short piece of pipe (to 
made) having a damper in it (which comes with the ove 
forms a connection between the flue around the oven and t 
smoke pipe. Care should be had to make the joints of thi 
small pipe as perfect as possible, in order to insure a prop 
circulation of heat around the oven. With this damper in t 
small pipe open, an abundance of heat, passing in that directi 
because it is a shorter cut to the chimney, will pass under a 
around the oven, to bake perfectly ; and with this small dampfj 
the temperature of the oven can be perfectly regulated. Whe' 
the oven is not required for baking, by closing the small dampr 
the stove will be the same as though the oven were not attache 
to it. There are two small boiler holes in the top of this ovel 
which will be of some service, besides affording access to ii 
flue to clean it out occasionally. 

Address all orders to the 
LITTLEFIELD STOVE MANUFACTURING CO., 
D. G. LITTLEFIELD, General Superintendent, Albany, N."! 



INDEX. 



Page 

Preface 1 

The Morning Glory for 1869 2 

Retail Prices for 1869 3 

The Morning Glory (High Top) 4 

The New Case 5 

The Parlor Furnace, or Double Heater 6 

The Portable Furnace 8 

The Brick Furnace 10 

Patent Drawings — Patent of 1868 12 

How to Select the Proper Size 15 

Size of Coal 16 

How to Use Them 17 

The Mill Grate 19 

Economy 20 

Revertible Flues 21 

Stove of 1861 —Patent of 1862 25 

Stove of 1863 — Patent of 1863 27 

How Stoves Should be Constructed 28 

The Old Magazine-Stove 31 

The Morning Glory 33 

Bogus Base Burners 36 

Theory of the Chimney 87 

How Flues Counteract Each Other 38 

How Rooms are Sometimes Filled with Smoke 38 

My Own Observations 39 

The Wise Trustees 40 

How a Lawyer was Punished 41 

An Apology 43 

A New Idea 44 






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